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King John de Baliol, of Scotland

King John de Baliol, of Scotland[1]

Male Abt 1250 - 1313  (63 years)    Has more than 100 ancestors and more than 100 descendants in this family tree.

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  • Name John de Baliol  [2
    Prefix King 
    Suffix of Scotland 
    Birth Abt 1250 
    Gender Male 
    Death Apr 1313 
    Burial Church of St Waast, Normandie, France Find all individuals with events at this location 
    Siblings 7 Siblings 
    Person ID I23477  Geneagraphie
    Last Modified 19 Mar 2010 

    Father John de Baliol,   b. Bef 1208, Bywell, Northamptonshire, England Find all individuals with events at this locationd. 27 Aug 1268, Barnard Castle Find all individuals with events at this location (Age 60 years) 
    Mother Devorguilla MacDonald, de Galloway,   b. Abt 1218, Galloway, Wigtownshire, Scotland Find all individuals with events at this locationd. 28 Jan 1289-1290, Kempton, Bedfordshire, England Find all individuals with events at this location (Age 72 years) 
    Marriage 1233  Galloway, Wigtownshire, Scotland Find all individuals with events at this location 
    Family ID F10053  Group Sheet  |  Family Chart

    Family Isabel de Warrenne,   b. 23 Sep 1253   d. Yes, date unknown 
    Marriage 1279 
    Children 
     1. King Edward de Baliol, of Scotland   d. 1363
     2. Margaret de Baliol   d. Yes, date unknown
     3. Henry de Baliol   d. 16 Dec 1332, battle of Annan Find all individuals with events at this location
    +4. Princess Anne de Baliol,   b. Abt 1282   d. Yes, date unknown
    Family ID F10054  Group Sheet  |  Family Chart
    Last Modified 19 Mar 2010 

  • Notes 
    • In this 14th century manuscript, John Balliol is shown acknowledging Edward as his overlord in 1292
      © Pitkin Guides Ltd

      The crown was awarded to him at Berwick on 17 November 1292, he swore fealty to Edward I, was installed as king at Scone and on 26 December at Newcastle upon Tyne, Northumberland, he did homage to Edward I for the kingdom of Scotland. Edward soon made it clear that he regarded the country as his vassal state. Balliol was too weak to resist, and the Scots resented Edward's demands. When in 1294 he instructed them to supply soldiers for his war with France, they set up a council of ecclesiastics and noblemen to rule instead of Balliol, although in his name. They then made a defensive alliance with Philip IV of France against England. This Treaty marked the formal beginning of the 'Auld Alliance' between Scotland and France, which was to last for nearly 300 years.
      Balliol finally renounced his fealty to Edward I on 5 April 1296. Edward I marched north, defeated the Scots at the Battle of Dunbar in East Lothian and captured the castles of Roxburgh, Edinburgh and Stirling. On 10 July, in the churchyard at Stracathro, Angus Balliol surrendered himself, his kingdom and his people to Edward I. He was forced to seal a document confessing that he had wrongly allied himself with his overlord's enemies. His nickname, 'Toom Tabard' [empty coat] is thought to refer to the ceremonious removal of heraldic insignia from his coat as part of his submission. Edward I marched north as far as Elgin before turning south to Scone, to carry off the Stone of Destiny upon which the Scottish kings were crowned. He had it sent to Westminster Abbey (where it remained for the next 700 years). Balliol was taken to England as a prisoner, but in 1299 he was allowed to go to France, where he lived on his family estates at Bailleul until his death in April 1313 at about the age of 63.

      William Wallace, Guardian of Scotland
      Despite the events of 1296, most Scots continued to regard John Balliol as their rightful king, and the following year William Wallace, son of Sir Malcolm Wallace of Elderlsie, Renfrewshire, raised a revolt against the English occupation of Scotland. Having killed the English sheriff of Lanark, he waged guerrilla warfare against Edward I's occupying army and on 11 September 1297 joined forces with Sir Andrew Moray to rout the English at the Battle of Stirling Bridge. He then recaptured Berwick and invaded the north of England. From there, he and Murray wrote to the merchants of Lübeck and Hanover, inviting them to trade once more, 'because the kingdom of Scotland, thanks be to God, is recovered by war from the power of the English.'
      Wallace was knighted and acted as Guardian of the realm in the name of John Balliol, but he lacked the support of the noblemen and Edward I continued to wage war implacably against the Scots. On 22 July 1298 Wallace was defeated at the Battle of Falkirk, Stirlingshire. His later movements are unclear but it is known that he resigned his Guardianship, travelled to France in an unsuccessful attempt to enlist support, and then returned to Scotland. Seven years later, he was betrayed to the English and captured near Glasgow. William was tried for treason at Westminster Hall, and hanged, drawn and quartered in London on 23 August 1305.

  • Sources 
    1. [S28] Detlev Schwennicke, Europäische Stammtafeln, Vol. II, Tafel 91 (Reliability: 3).
      Marburg, 1984

    2. [S14] Brian Tompsett, University of Hull Royal Database (England), (copyright 1994, 1995, 1996 , , Repository: WWW, University of Hull, Hull, UK HU6 7RX bct@tardis.ed.ac.uk).



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